Below, we describe the variations in sex-specific incidence and mortality rates by world region for 16 of these cancer types (Figs. We updated global trends in thyroid cancer mortality and incidence using official mortality data from the World Health Organization (1970-2012) and incidence data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1960-2007). There are four main types of thyroid cancer: papillary (the most common), follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. Other than certain occupational exposures to chemical and water contaminants, cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for bladder cancer75 and, with the rising prevalence of smoking among women, the attributable risk, at least in the United States, has reached that among men, with 50% of bladder cancer cases attributable to smoking in both sexes.76, 77, With over 1,000,000 new cases and 65,000 deaths estimated globally, and incidence rates around 2 times higher among men than among women, NMSC is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in North America, and in Australia and New Zealand, the countries with the highest incidence rates worldwide in men and women, respectively (Fig. We summarize the estimated numbers of new cases and deaths by cancer type and point to the variations in the incidence and mortality rates observed in the world regions and individual countries. In relative terms, the rates are 7 to 10 times lower in North America, Australia/New Zealand, and Western Asia (Saudi Arabia and Iraq). The disease is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the vast majority of the countries (154 of 185) and is also the leading cause of cancer death in over 100 countries (Figs. The increasing impact of overdiagnosis, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol. The numbers of countries represented in each ranking group are included in the legend. Rates are shown in descending order of the world (W) age-standardized rate, and the highest national age-standardized rates for incidence and mortality are superimposed. Sometimes this cancer can spread to lymph nodes, the lungs, or liver even before a … 6A). Volume 100 E. A review of human carcinogens, The decline in gastric cancer: epidemiology of an unplanned triumph, Cancer incidence and cancer control in Mongolia: results from the National Cancer Registry 2008–12, Liver cancer: connections with obesity, fatty liver, and cirrhosis, Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Hepatitis B 3rd Dose (HepB3) Immunization Coverage, Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Aside from screening (where available), these declines have been ascribed to factors linked either to increasing average socioeconomic levels or a diminishing risk of persistent infection with high-risk HPV, resulting from improvements in genital hygiene, reduced parity, and a diminishing prevalence of sexually transmitted disease.65 The beneficial effects of population-based cytological screening programs hastened declines in cervical cancer rates upon their implementation in many European countries, Australia/New Zealand, and North America, despite the observation that, in most of these populations, successive generations of women (born during 1930-1950) were increasingly at risk of the disease because of changing sexual behavior.66, 67 In the absence of effective screening, as in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (including the former republics of the Soviet Union), there have been rapid increases in premature cervical cancer mortality in recent generations.68 Where data are available in Sub-Saharan Africa, uniform rises also have been reported in Uganda42 and Zimbabwe.43. 4). Source: GLOBOCAN 2018. 7). We estimate that there will be 18.1 million new cases (17.0 million excluding NMSC) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding NMSC) worldwide in 2018 (Table 1). 2015 Mar;67(3):519-30. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.10.002. In 2008-2012, most countries had mortality rates (age-standardized, world population) between 0.20 and 0.40/100,000 men and 0.20 and 0.60/100,000 women, the highest rates being in Latvia, Hungary, the Republic of Moldova and Israel (over 0.40/100,000) for men and in Ecuador, Colombia and Israel (over 0.60/100,000) for women. Incidence is the number of new cases occurring in a specified period and geographic area, conveyed either as an absolute number of cases per annum or as a rate per 100,000 persons per year. We have collected this information from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) which provides statistics of survival rates of different cancers. 11), respectively. Male mortality declined in all the major countries considered, with annual percent changes around -2/-3% over the last decades. The 15 most common cancers world (W) in 2018 are shown in descending order of the overall age-standardized rate for both sexes combined. Working off-campus? Primary prevention strategies aim to reduce this measure, although increasing incidence rates do not necessarily reflect failure in this domain, given that early detection (tests or programs) can result in a transient rise in incidence rates as subclinical cancer cases are discovered. If the initiative is successful, it then will lead to better global cancer estimates and, just as important, it will provide governments with the local data needed to prioritize and evaluate cancer control efforts to reduce the burden and suffering from cancer in their communities.83. Figure 3 presents the distribution of all-cancer incidence and mortality according to world area for both sexes combined and separately for men and women. Source: GLOBOCAN 2018. Znaor A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, Jemal A, Bray F. Eur Urol. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. 2,300 men will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer and 110 will die from it. 8-21). 14). We present the incidence and mortality rates globally and for 20 aggregated regions, as defined by the United Nations Population Division (Fig. Thyroid Cancer: By the Numbers. Similar to incidence rates, death rates for all cancers combined worldwide are nearly 50% higher in males than in females and, within each sex, the rates vary across regions (Table 2). Bar Chart of Region-Specific Incidence Age-Standardized Rates by Sex for Cancers of the Bladder in 2018. The global picture, Lung cancer incidence trends in Uruguay 1990–2014: an age-period-cohort analysis, Convergence of decreasing male and increasing female incidence rates in major tobacco-related cancers in Europe in 1988–2010, Higher lung cancer incidence in young women than young men in the United States, Avoidable global cancer deaths and total deaths from smoking, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, CI5plus. Cervical cancer ranks second in incidence and mortality behind breast cancer in lower HDI settings (Fig. Implications of a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the current conservative surgical trend towards papillary thyroid carcinoma. Revised 2018, Personal habits and indoor combustions. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 4). According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, cancer is the first or second leading cause of death before age 70 years in 91 of 172 countries, and it ranks third or fourth in an additional 22 countries (Fig. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer (approximately 13); thus liver cancer ranks fifth in terms of global cases and second in terms of deaths for males (Fig. Laryngeal cancer mortality trends in European countries. About 230,000 new cases of thyroid cancer were estimated in 2012 among women and 70,000 among men, with an age‐standardized (world population) rate of 6.10/100,000 women and 1.90/100,000 men. Rates are shown in descending order of the world (W) age-standardized rate, and the highest national age-standardized rates for incidence and mortality are superimposed. Although there have been substantive declines in HCV transmission in highly resourced countries, the continued use of contaminated needles and unsafe transfusions contribute to the spread of infection in several low-income countries.58Recent developments in the treatment of HBV and HCV suggest that large numbers of liver cancer cases could be avoided, although the costs are prohibitive at present.53. Both of these indicators allow comparisons between populations that are not influenced by differences in their age structures. Because of its poor prognosis, with almost as many deaths (n = 432,000) as cases (n = 459,000), pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both males and females (Fig. There are around 3,700 new thyroid cancer cases in the UK every year, that's 10 every day (2015-2017). Source: GLOBOCAN 2018. Source: GLOBOCAN 2018. Thyroid Cancer. Against this backdrop, the current article provides a status report on the cancer burden worldwide in 2018, based on the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).6 As in previous reports for 2002,7 2008,8 and 2012,9 the primary focus is on a description of cancer incidence and mortality at the global level and an assessment of the geographic variability observed across 20 predefined world regions. Every year, about 12,000 men and 33,000 women get thyroid cancer, and about 900 men and 1,000 women die from the disease. Or, you can choose another section to learn more about a specific question you have. For both sexes combined, it is estimated that nearly one-half of the cases and over one-half of the cancer deaths in the world will occur in Asia in the year 2018, in part because close to 60% of the global population resides there (Fig. Best-practice measures that effectively reduce active smoking and prevent involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke—particularly increasing excise taxes and prices on tobacco products, as well as implementing plain packaging and graphic health warnings on tobacco products and enforcing comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising—are embedded in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and, after its adoption in 2003, 168 signatories have ratified the agreement. Bar Chart of Region-Specific Incidence Age-Standardized Rates by Sex for Cancers of the Lip and Oral Cavity in 2018. Similarly, mortality is the number of deaths occurring in a specified region and period, and the mortality rate is the number of deaths per 100,000 persons per year. Rates are 3-fold to 4-fold higher in higher HDI countries, with incidence rates highest in Europe, North America, and Australia/New Zealand (Fig. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Privacy, Help Learn more. There are several cancers that, although not featured among the top 10 cancers, are major cancers within certain regions or specific countries. an estimated 1,735,350 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the United States and 609,640 people will die from the disease. What Is the Thyroid? This is Cancer.Net’s Guide to Thyroid Cancer. The maps reveal substantial global diversity in leading cancer types, particularly for incidence in men (10 different cancer types) and mortality in both men (9 types) and women (6 types). Among men, rates are also 2-fold greater in higher HDI countries, with mortality rates ranking fifth in these countries (Fig. Bar Chart of Region-Specific Incidence Age-Standardized Rates by Sex for Cancers of the Lung in 2018. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1007/s13304-021-01087-3.
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