(Credit: Mike Lockhart, USGS. The National Wildlife Federation brings nature to life in the pages of our publications, inspiring people of all ages and reading levels to develop a deeper relationship with our natural world. ANCHORAGE, Alaska — A polar bear capture and release-based research program had no adverse long-term effects on feeding behavior, body condition, and reproduction, according to a new study by the U.S. Geological Survey. “The scenarios predicted by our models are encouraging in that there are clear actions that humans can take to improve the chances that healthy polar bear populations persist in the future.” - Todd Atwood, USGS. Population-level effects of climatic change, however, remain... Polar bears depend entirely on sea ice for survival. The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. Historically, most polar bears from the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) population constructed maternity dens on the sea ice. Until further sea ice loss is stopped, management of other stressors may serve to slow the transition of populations to progressively worsened outcomes, and improve the prospects for their long‐term persistence. In winter, there have been dramatic reductions in the amount of old ice, predominantly in the western Arctic. However, there may be other stressors that compound the negative effects of sea ice loss which can be mitigated. Return to Ecosystems >> Marine Ecosystems >> Polar Bear Research, Polar bear population status in the southern Beaufort Sea. Pregnant bears den in snow banks for more than 3 months in winter during which they give birth to and nurture young. Polar bear life cycle graph; Ï i is the probability an individual in stage i survives from time t to t + 1, Ï L0 and Ï L1 are the probabilities that at least one member of a cubâofâtheâyear or yearling litter, respectively, survives from time t to t + 1, f is the expected size of a yearling litter that survives to 2 years, and β i ⦠Over the past 25 years, the summer sea ice melt period has lengthened, and summer sea ice cover has declined by over half a million square miles. However, recent reports from Alaska indicate that the proportion of the SB subpopulation observed on-shore during late... Conservation plans for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) typically cannot prescribe management actions to address their primary threat: sea ice loss associated with climate warming. To estimate both the population size and vital rates, we have used mark-recapture studies relying on physical capture of bears, primarily during the spring. The overarching goal of our research is to assess current and projected future responses of polar bears to a rapidly changing Arctic environment. This data release contains two tables of information on polar bear distributions in the southern Beaufort Sea during spring, from 2001 to 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13933, Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geospatial Data, Distribution and Movements of Polar Bears, Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Concentrations in Polar Bear Hair and Prey from the Alaska Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, 1978-2019, Fatty Acid Composition of Polar Bear Adipose Tissue and Ringed and Bearded Seal Blubber Collected in the Chukchi Sea, 2008-2017, Measurement Data of Polar Bears Captured in the Chukchi and Southern Beaufort Seas, 1981-2017, Multistate Capture and Search Data from the Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Subpopulation in Alaska, 2001-2016, Polar Bear Microsatellite Data Southern Beaufort Sea 2010-2013, Catalogue of Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Maternal Den Locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and Nearby Areas, 1910–2018, Accelerometer Data from Collared Female Polar Bears in the Beaufort Sea, 2009-2016, Polar Bear Distribution and Habitat Resource Selection Data, Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, 1985-2016, Data from a Circumpolar Survey on Recreational Activities in Polar Bear Habitat, 2017-2018, Measures of Oxygen Consumption and Kinematics of Captive Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) and Captive Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) while Resting and Walking in a Metabolic Chamber, first-ever polar bear point-of-view footage, Increased Sea Ice Drift Puts Polar Bears on Faster Moving Treadmill, Polar Bear Outlook Favorable Under Certain Scenarios, How Climate Change Might Affect Polar Bears' Bodies, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Remain the Primary Threat to Polar Bears, Polar Bears Unlikely to Thrive on Land-based Foods, Polar Bears Shifting to Areas with More Sea Ice — Genetic Study Reveals, New Scientific Study Supports that Capture-based Research is Safe for Polar Bears, Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bear Population Declined in the 2000s, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). Although it has ⦠Advancements in biologging technologies have enabled the use of dynamic body acceleration derived from accelerometers as a proxy for energy expenditure.... Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing rapid and substantial changes to their environment due to global climate change. To learn more about receiving magazines from the National Wildlife Federation, please visit our subscription page. The availability of denning habitat― mediated by landscape features that facilitate the formation of snow drifts― appears to increase in the eastern portion of the Alaska coastal plain. 2017;00:1–14. Various place names referred to in the text are marked. Public domain.). Greenhouse gas emissions remain the primary threat to the preservation of polar bear populations worldwide. Polar bears almost exclusively eat seals, and they are equally as dependent upon the sea for their nutrition as are seals, whales, and other aquatic mammals. Bears were also aged as described in the methods. et al. If you have questions about research or media inquiries regarding the USGS Alaska Science Center please contact Yvette Gillies or Paul Laustsen. The majority of our research focuses on the two polar bear subpopulation’s whose range includes Alaska: the Southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation that ranges between the North Slope of Alaska and western Canada and the Chukchi Sea or Alaska-Chukotka subpopulation that ranges between the northwest coast of Alaska and eastern Russia. This will give managers the best chance of adapting strategies to assure the long-term persistence of polar bears in a changing ice environment. Measures of energy expenditure can be used to inform animal conservation and management, but methods for measuring the energy expenditure of free‐ranging animals have a variety of limitations. Maturation phase produces two haploid cells â Larger one called secondary oocyte & the smaller one called polar bodies (1st polar body). Polar bears are tied to the sea ice for nearly all of their life cycle functions. Do you know what it means? Properties of Life. The Snowball Earth hypothesis proposes that during one or more of Earth's icehouse climates, Earth's surface became entirely or nearly entirely frozen, sometime earlier than 650 Mya (million years ago) during the Cryogenian period. Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay; 2007; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Regehr, E. V.; Lunn, N. J.; Amstrup, S. C.; Stirling, I. Polar Bear Population Status in the Southern Beaufort Sea; 2006; OFR; 2006-1337; Regehr, Eric V.; Amstrup, Steven C.; Stirling, Ian. In theory, a male and female black bear born this year â if they breed as soon as they reach sexual maturity and as often as possible, and if all their offspring survive to do the same â could in the space of ten years have grown to a population of 15 bears ⦠Click on a pin on the map to see more information. Since the publication of this manuscript, readers have noted two errors in our analysis. In addition, the USGS collaborates with the US Fish and Wildlife Service in population studies in the... Research in this focal area is centered on (i) collecting data on a variety of systems that help determine and mediate polar bear health and energetics, and (ii) developing monitoring and surveillance programs for detecting changes in population health over time. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are one of 4 marine mammal species managed by the U.S. Department of Interior. Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline. Forecasting the influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on polar bears. This new approach should provide a biologically-relevant mechanism for bear density to vary within the study area, thereby reducing uncertainty associated with abundance estimates. If we know how polar bears respond to changes in ice quantity and quality, we will be able to predict how forecasted changes in the ice may affect future polar bear populations. In a new polar bear study published today, scientists from the United States and Canada found that during the first decade of the 21st century, the number of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea experienced a sharp decline of approximately 40 percent. Combined with projections of population decline due to continued climate warming and the ensuing loss of sea ice habitat, those findings... Regehr and others (2007, Survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to earlier sea ice breakup: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. Threats include habitat loss from human encroachment, human-bear conflict, pollution, and climate change. Pregnant polar bears enter maternity dens in October/November, give birth to cubs in December/January, and exit dens in March/April. This dataset contains measures of oxygen consumption and kinematic measures from 2 captive polar bears and 7 captive grizzly bears resting and walking in a metabolic chamber. Research in this focal area is centered on (i) collecting data on a variety of systems that help determine and mediate polar bear health and energetics, and (ii) developing monitoring and surveillance programs for detecting changes in population health over time. Biol. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are one of 4 marine mammal species managed by the U.S. Department of Interior. Most important of these is foraging, or access to food. Simultaneously, ocean warming is changing ecosystems that support marine mammal populations. That’s the taking-off point for a new polar bear study, conducted by U.S. Geological Survey researchers with an assist from the Oregon Zoo — and published this week in the journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are the primary cause of climate change and an estimated increase of 3.7 to 4.8 °C is predicted by the year 2100 if emissions continue at current levels. The Arctic (top) and Antarctic (bottom) polar regions. Marine mammal prey samples were collected opportunistically either from polar bear seal kill sites or from marine mammals harvested by Native hunters. In a new video from the NASA Astrobiology Program, astrobiologists Dr. Jason Dworkin and Dr. Scott Sandford explain the importance of the OSIRIS-REx mission in the quest to understand the role that asteroids and other small bodies play in the origins of life on Earth. Respondents answered a series of questions on their background and experience with polar bears and the geographic area in which they are fa. For some bears, an adipose tissue sample was collected and percent lip. Below are partners associated with this project. The termiteâs life cycle can result in three different types of termite or caste types. We developed a Bayesian network model to evaluate the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors, and their mitigation, on the persistence of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). This conclusion holds true under both a reduced greenhouse gas emission scenario that stabilizes climate warming and another scenario where emissions and warming continue at the current pace, according to updated U.S. Geological Survey research models. Based on data collected from radio-tagged adult female bears, maternal denning now occurs at relatively high densities along the central and eastern Arctic coastal plain of Alaska. Most important of these is foraging, or access to food. Monitoring wildlife in the Arctic is difficult. US and international conservation planning efforts, including management of polar bears as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act and the circumpolar action plan for polar bears, require assessments that evaluate the temporal and spatial pattern over which sea ice loss and other factors may affect polar bear populations. This dataset includes carbon and nitrogen isotope concentrations measured in polar bear hair and marine mammal prey samples collected 1978-2017 in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. In June of 2014, the USGS released the first-ever polar bear point-of-view footage, offering a never-seen-before perspective from the top Arctic predator. For example, Arctic tourism has... Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Alaska use the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for maternal denning. Additionally, this work will allow us to develop an understanding of how polar bear populations will respond to a variety of... Below are publications associated with this project. Recent observations of intraspecific predation and cannibalism among polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea; 2006; Article; Journal; Polar Biology; Amstrup, S. C.; Stirling, I.; Smith, T. S.; Perham, C.; Thiemann, G. W. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geospatial Data, Distribution and Movements of Polar Bears, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). If it completes all four stages of a life cycle the individual species is ⦠Some of the most pronounced ecological responses to climatic warming are expected to occur in polar marine regions, where temperature increases have been the greatest and sea ice provides a sensitive mechanism by which climatic conditions affect sympagic (i.e., with ice) species. Fish and Wildlife Service on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020-1087, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201087. ANCHORAGE, Alaska — In a new polar bear study published today, scientists from around the Arctic have shown that recent generations of polar bears are moving towards areas with more persistent year-round sea ice. Polar bears are not aquatic, however, and their only access to the seals is from the surface of the sea ice. The bobcat (Lynx rufus), also known as the red lynx, is a medium-sized cat native to North America.It ranges from southern Canada through most of the contiguous United States to Oaxaca in Mexico.It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2002, due to its wide distribution and large population. Rode KD, Wilson RR, Douglas DC, For decades scientists have struggled to study animals, like polar bears, which live in these remote areas. T he life cycle of just about every insect begins with the egg stage and ends in adulthood. 2009). The data includes the following: 1) a csv file of location, These data are the responses of researchers, managers, community members, and tour guides who live or work in polar bear habitats anywhere within their range to inquiries about the types, frequency, and potential impacts of recreational activities. Because of this, measuring changes in health and energetics has potential for revealing important associations between environmental stressors and population dynamics. Bromaghin, J. F., T. L. McDonald, I. Stirling, A. E. Derocher, E. S. Richardson, E. V. Regehr, D. C. Douglas, G. M. Durner, T. Atwood, and S. C. Amstrup. Myth #11: Carrying a rifle is safer than bear pepper spray 2015. When viewed together, these eight characteristics serve to define life. The dataset includes sex, age, and age class of the bears that were sampled. In addition, the USGS collaborates with the US Fish and Wildlife Service in population studies in the Chukchi Sea. The USGS Alaska Science Center leads long–term research on polar bears to inform local, state, national and international policy makers regarding conservation of the species and its habitat. Results of past studies have allowed us to assess the relationships between population vital rates and environmental change, which provides our partners with information needed to inform management decisions. Most important of these is foraging, or access to food. Most important of these is foraging, or access to food. In the southern Beaufort Sea of the United States and Canada, prior investigations have linked declines in summer sea ice to reduced physical condition, growth, and survival of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Additionally, this work will allow us to develop an understanding of how polar bear populations will respond to a variety of stressors modulated by climate change, including contaminant and pathogen exposures, changes in food web structure and prey accessibility, and changes in spatial distribution. Some of these effects, however, could be reduced with effective planning prior to development. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, in Anchorage, Alaska. The first is that we inadvertently stated that the forward looking infrared (FLIR) survey simulations only represented a single FLIR survey. Adverse consequences of loss of sea ice habitat become more pronounced as the summer ice‐free period lengthens beyond four months, which could occur in most of the Arctic basin after mid‐century if greenhouse gas emissions are not promptly reduced. The other table presents the aerial search effort by year and area. Now researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey have begun testing a new, yet counterintuitive solution – rather then get close to the animals, monitor them from afar. Life Cycle of a Bee: Eggs and Larva. While the bear is protected in North America, reintroducing it into its previous range is a slow process, partly because the grizzly has such a slow life cycle. ANCHORAGE, Alaska — A team of scientists led by the U.S. Geological Survey found that polar bears, increasingly forced on shore due to sea ice loss, may be eating terrestrial foods including berries, birds and eggs, but any nutritional gains are limited to a few individuals and likely cannot compensate for lost opportunities to consume their traditional, lipid-rich prey—ice seals. These data from satellite radio-collared adult female polar bears captured in the southern Beaufort Sea, 1985-2016 were used for testing the regional, seasonal and decadal efficacy of retrospective polar bear resource selection functions (RSF) developed for the Arctic basin and its peripheral seas (see Durner et al. Supplemental Materials for the Analysis of Capture-Recapture Data for Polar Bears in Western Hudson Bay, Canada, 1984-2004; 2007; DS; 304; Regehr, Eric V.; Lunn, Nicholas J.; Amstrup, Steven C.; Stirling, Ian. Meiosis II of secondary oocyte results in the formation of functional egg or ovum and a second polar body: The first polar body may also divide to form two polar bodies of ⦠It lives in the Himalayas, southeastern Iran, the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, the Korean ⦠Although cannibalism is one motivation for such killings, the ecological factors mediating such events are poorly understood. No data point selected. Polar bears almost exclusively eat seals, and they are equally as dependent upon the sea for their nutrition as are seals, whales, and other aquatic mammals. provides an index of ecosystem productivity. The USGS maintains a long-term research program focused on the population dynamics of the southern Beaufort Sea polar bear population. In the Chukchi Sea, polar bears historically denned primarily on land in both Russia and the Alaska. The three types consist of reproductive, workers, and soldiers. Most important of these is foraging, or access to food. Fact: Removing the bear and not the attractant will only create an opportunity for another bear to move in, creating a vicious cycle of conflict and killing. Explore the in-depth details about animals, environments, conservation issues, and much more. Denning is one of the most vulnerable times in polar bear life history as the family group cannot simply walk away from a... We summarize recent (2002–17) publicly available information from studies within the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as well as terrestrial and coastal ecosystems elsewhere on the Arctic Coastal Plain that are relevant to the 1002 Area. Ecological Applications 25(3):634-651. Consistently, sea ice conditions are the most influential determinant of long-term population outcomes. Atwood, T.C., Bromaghin, J.F., Patil, V.P., Durner, G.M., Douglas, D.C., and Simac, K.S., 2020, Analyses on subpopulation abundance and annual number of maternal dens for the U.S. The life cycle contains an egg, young termite larvae or termite nymph, older nymph, worker, soldier, pseudergate, ⦠Dashed lines denote approximate boundaries for the polar regions; as their spatial footprint varies in relation to particular cryosphere and ocean elements or scientific disciplines, this chapter adopts a purposefully ⦠Between 24 January and 10 April 2004, we confirmed three instances of intraspecific... Below are partners associated with this project. Our studies, ongoing since 1985, are focused on population dynamics, health and energetics, distribution and movements, maternal denning, and methods development. Polar bears of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) have historically spent most of the year on the sea ice. Data were collected every 15-30 minutes. Study areas are cold, barren and often inaccessible. The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a medium-sized bear endemic to North America.It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. Bears are among the least productive mammals in North America. In reality, the analysis assumed two independent FLIR surveys occurred prior to simulated seismic activity occurring... Large‐scale industrial activities can have negative effects on wildlife populations. Myth #10: Shooting or relocating a ânuisanceâ bear will solve the problem. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing loss of sea ice habitats used to access their marine mammal prey. Order Further we are conducting a variety of research to better understand the factors affecting survival and reproduction. The USGS Alaska Science Center leads long–term research on polar bears to inform local, state, national and international policy makers regarding conservation of the species and its habitat. There are four life stages in an insectâs life cycle. Historically, most polar bears from the Southern Beaufort Sea population constructed maternity dens on the sea ice. Currently, we are developing spatial capture-recapture models that incorporate resource selection into the abundance modeling process. This chapter comprises the following sections: names, taxonomy, subspecies and distribution, descriptive notes, habitat, movements and home range, activity patterns, feeding ecology, reproduction and growth, behavior, parasites and diseases, status in the wild, and status in captivity. Have you ever heard the phrase 'busy as a bee?' Over the last three decades, as sea ice has become thinner and prone to fragmentation, there has been a landward shift in the distribution... Polar bears are tied to the sea ice for nearly all of their life cycle functions. Polar bears almost exclusively eat seals, and they are equally as dependent upon the sea for their nutrition as are seals, whales, and other aquatic mammals. Spring fasting behavior in a marine apex predator American black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location.They typically live in largely forested areas, ⦠The long-term persistence of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is threatened by sea-ice loss due to climate change, which is concurrently providing an opportunity in the Arctic for increased anthropogenic activities including natural resource extraction. Pregnant polar bears enter maternity dens in October/November, give birth to cubs in December/January, and exit dens in March/April. The warming climate has the potential to drive significant changes in the health and energetics of Arctic fauna, particularly those dependent on sea ice habitats like polar bears. Pearce, J.M., Flint, P.L., Atwood, T.C., Douglas, D.C., Adams, L.G., Johnson, H.E., Arthur, S.M., and Latty, C.J., 2018, Summary of wildlife-related research on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2002–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1003, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181003. Polar bears are not aquatic, however, and their only access to the seals is from the surface of the... Research in this focal area is centered on (i) collecting data on a variety of systems that help determine and mediate polar bear health and energetics, and (ii) developing monitoring and surveillance programs for detecting changes in population health over time. In addition, the USGS collaborates with the US Fish and Wildlife Service in population studies in the Chukchi Sea. A new study led by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Wyoming found that increased westward ice drift in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas requires polar bears to expend more energy walking eastward on a faster moving “treadmill” of sea ice. Over the last three decades, as sea ice has become thinner and prone to fragmentation, there has been a landward shift in the distribution... Polar bears are tied to the sea ice for nearly all of their life cycle functions. D. This dataset includes accelerometer data collected on collars deployed on female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea from 2009-2016. Durner, G.M., and Atwood, T.C., 2018, A comparison of photograph-interpreted and IfSAR-derived maps of polar bear denning habitat for the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1083, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181083. Fish and Wildlife Service. Information on the status and trends of polar bear populations are needed to inform management of polar bears under US laws and international agreements. Polar Bear Life Cycle: Lesson for Kids Layers of the Atmosphere Lesson for Kids How Seeds Germinate: Definition & Explanation Rode, K. D., J. K. Fortin-Noreus, D. L. Garshelis, M. Dyck, V. Sahanatien, T. C. Atwood, S. E. Belikov, K. L. Laidre, S. Miller, M. E. Obbard, D. Vongraven, J. V. Ware, and J. Wilder. We have developed Bayesian network models to forecast the circumpolar status of polar bears, evaluate the potential benefit of mitigated greenhouse gas emissions on sea ice habitat, and the influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on population persistence. Here we present findings from long-term studies of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) region of the U.S. and Canada,... Intraspecific killing has been reported among polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos), and black bears (U. americanus). Research in this focal area seeks to develop a better understanding of how changes in the distribution and characteristics of sea ice habitat are likely to affect polar bear fitness, distribution, and interactions with people.
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