On July 4, 1859, he was at Harper's Ferry, where he hired the farm to which his men and weapons were soon brought. The difficulty, fatal sooner or later to all such undertakings, of getting work enough out of the members, was aggravated by the unwillingness of Collins, who was still a non-resistant, to save the community from the burden of any lazy vagabond, who chose to quarter himself upon it. His plan was, in the first place, as already mentioned, to work for three weeks so diligently and profitably as to avert all suspicion. The latter had gone over to the Liberty party and now spoke with great ability and bitterness against his former associates, protesting against any money being given to people who were so violent and abusive. "Nature has given me a buoyant disposition." All that they seemed to aim at, or to desire, was to create the impression that a white man, and not. Will he find it in the clause, prohibiting the enactment by any State of a bill of attainder? Are we at such a time, when a great principle has been struck down, to quench the moral indignation which the deed excites by casting reflections upon those on whose persons the outrage has been committed? . He was happy in the thought, that his child was having advantages which he had lost. On this he was invited to choose a surname for his guest, who insisted on still calling himself Frederick "to preserve a sense of my identity." It is folly to put faith in men who have broken faith with God. He had so much to say about his plans, that they soon ceased to interest any one in the house, except the children, one of whom now says: "The sun seemed to rise and set to me in John Brown.". But will you be over-nice about this matter? A. S. S., to prove that slavery was necessarily cruel. "I am just as white myself as I am black; and I am not afraid of the negro getting the upper hand in me." Lecture at Dedication of the Douglass Institute, Baltimore, in the "Liberator," for October 13, 1865. I was over seven years old; my master had gone out one Sunday night, the children had gone to bed. The next day he made up his mind to go to work early Monday morning, to make Master Hugh as well satisfied as possible with him during that week, and the two following, and then to run away. . The delay in my reception was just long enough to be used in New York, with all proper exaggeration, to create the impression that my relations with the Haytian Government were not cordial, and to justify the conclusion to which those papers had already come, that a white man should have been sent to Hayti in my stead. of wishful thinking, but in biblical thought, hope was synonymous with certainty when we will begin that one eternal day with Him. Let Israel hope in the __Â____. It was not safe for him to take a train in New York City, but he was driven over to Patterson, a station on the Erie Railroad; and thus he was able to return to Rochester in disguise. The measure failed to secure the support of our people, and our politics would certainly not have been made any purer by the imposition upon Congress of. Her son saw her so seldom, however, and lost her so early, that he may have overestimated her ability, in consequence partly of gratitude and partly of a popular theory, about the preponderating influence over great men of gifted mothers, which long investigation justifies my calling extravagant. Raul Castro resigns, ending era of family communist rule in Cuba. . My Freedom," with an Introduction by Dr. James M'Cune Smith. Mean time, General Taylor, a slave-holder who had never cast a vote or held any civil office, and who had no scruples about taking a nomination from anybody, was put up, merely to catch votes, by the Whigs, who refused to frame any platform, and voted down resolution after resolution against the extension of slavery. I could not; so I left them; and what would you do, brethren of Manchester and Liverpool, if you were placed in such difficult circumstances?' As soon as my letter of credence arrived, I was duly presented to His Excellency, President Hyppolite, and from that time onward. In fact, though he is nominally free, he is still actually a slave. For G., you know, has cut his uncle.". There were many old friends I was delighted to see, but more absent that I wanted much to see once more in this life. Array their backs in fine black coats, I will tell you how he received me--just as you have seen one gentleman receive another" (great applause); "with a hand and a voice well-balanced between a kind cordiality and a respectful reserve. After he had ascended the pulpit, the deacon of the church went to him and told him 'There was an unpleasant rumor abroad in that region concerning him, that he ought to clear up.' It is of the devil, and will go to its place. The only shadow of popular sovereignty is the power given to the people of the territories by this bill to have, hold, buy, and sell human beings. "Even here in Boston, and among the friends of freedom, we hear two voices, one denouncing the mob that broke up our meeting on Monday as a base and cowardly outrage, and another deprecating and regretting the holding of such a meeting by such men at such a time. The dead heroes at Fort Wagner brought in debt for the shoes in which they fought and fell!". This organization was not, however, handled very tenderly in the speech which he delivered before the Massachusetts Society in the Melodeon, on Wednesday, January 26. A neighbor, who had boarded with him, says, "I speak from personal knowledge when I say that Fred and all his servants were treated well. The fact that this exodus began in February, 1879, when there was peculiarly little excitement about politics, shows. We find that on February 9, 1847, he "appeared thoroughly worn out," and that sixteen days later, at Sheffield, "Frederick was too ill from long continued exertion to do himself justice; but, for the cause in which he so nobly labors, he pleaded powerfully." ca. up to the dome;" and, even while opposing his views in the New Orleans convention, he said: "There is now a man at Washington who represents the future, and is a majority in himself--a man at whose feet Grant learns wisdom. . WHEN Douglass returned to the United States, April 20, 1847, he brought with him the news that the lady who had made him legally free, Mrs. Ellen Richardson, of Newcastle, had just opened a subscription for a newspaper, which he should edit in the interest of colored people. Douglass was promptly and sharply reprimanded for insubordination by "Captain Chapman," but he is still confident that he was in the right, and events have justified him fully. "The Copper-heads were saying all over the country that he was no negro. They were placed here by the Almighty for the emancipation of your race. White!" . ", "Douglass's Monthly" was now published mainly for American readers, at the price of $1 a year, but still had agents in Great Britain. 3:2). . Of the severity with which Garrison blamed his giving up disunionism (see p. 204), Douglass wrote me thus: "The first remark with which my statement was met by Mr. Garrison was this, 'There is roguery somewhere.' . "Carolina's high-souled daughters," as he calls them, knew better than any one else how to help the slave, and Angelina was soon seen standing in the Speaker's place in the Hall of Representatives in Boston, speaking to the members of the Legislature, while the seats were filled with the best and brightest people in the State. Speech at Soirée at London Tavern, March 30, 1847, in "Report of Proceedings," London, 1847. Frederick Douglass, recently a slave, will lecture on American slavery, on Grafton Common, this evening at seven o'clock. We leave pauperism to be taken care of by white people. The uproar after he concluded was so great, that Douglass is said to have stood before the audience for twenty minutes, making passionate gestures, but not succeeding in uttering a single audible word. For instance: A. unites with B. in stealing my property, and carrying it away to California, or to Australia; and, while there, Mr. A. becomes convinced that he did wrong in stealing my property, and says to Mr. B., 'No union with property-stealers,' and abandons him, leaving the property in his hands. Thus far he was safe; but there were several people on the train who would have known him at once in any other clothes. Very well; and I have not the slightest doubt, that in the progress of this war we shall see black officers, black colonels, and generals even. ", Wilson stated afterward, in his "History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power" (Vol. They would be, shocked at the proposition of fellowshiping a sheep-stealer; and at the same time they hug to their communion a manstealer, and brand me with being an infidel, if I find fault with them for it." Speech on Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation Proclamation, Washington, January 1, 1883. Meeting after meeting of the Abolitionists was broken up by such mobs as had not been met there since 1850. . In the speech with which he opened the campaign in April, at New Orleans, he told a story of a man who was riding a mule that put its foot into the stirrup in its efforts to throw him. The boy taught the old man how to make out the hard words, and, in return was shown something of their meaning. He also held a debate with Mrs. Ernestine L. Rose, who had done good work for abolitionism, as well as for the enfranchisement of her own sex. Verses 5-8: The word âhopeâ in our present thinking most often carries the idea Douglass!" . . I am here precisely as I was in this State one year ago--with no other change in my relations to you, or to the great question of human freedom, than time and circumstances have brought about. "In England, to her credit let it be spoken, this trucking system is abolished by law. Frederick has got the audience into a great state of glorification; and he is now showing that there is no way to abolish slavery except by the dissolution of the Union. I see no half-way place for him. Words are now useful, only as they stimulate to blows." Only the most conscientious and skillful of his men were to be detailed for this perilous duty. May has given, in his "Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict," a vivid account of the exploit, in which he and Gerrit Smith took prominent parts. . . This notice was probably given in consequence of a letter which he wrote after September 12, the day when Garrison was taken sick. What a wedding journey! "IT has been a source of great annoyance to me, never to have a birthday," says Mr. Douglass, in a private letter. Some hidden thunder in the stores of heaven, And drive, and thieve, and cheat and lie, "Wealth, learning, and ability made an Irishman an Englishman. After that there was quite a contest between Mrs. Norris and Mrs. Hilles, as to which should entertain him over night. the place for me than another, that one is before the people. They are great men; but Sumner is steady as the North Star: he is no flickering light. A pathetic circumstance about his child's grave is mentioned by Miss Holley, in the valuable letter from which I make another extract. On the first of August he wrote and published a letter to Major Stearns, which may be found in the "Life and Times" (pp. Douglass had tried, in the April number of his "Monthly," to convince other Abolitionists, that dissolution of the Union would not help their cause. Never having enjoyed the benefits of schools, colleges, and other institutions of learning, they display a contempt for them which is quite ridiculous. . The first on the list is dated as early as 1827; and twenty years later I find that the "Ram's Horn" was in full blast; the "Mystery" was awaiting its solution or dissolution; the "National Watchman" was going its rounds busily; the "Disfranchised American" was on the war path; and the "Northern Star and Colored Farmer" was shining under the direction of the black pastor of a white congregation, Rev. "I have found in my experience," says our author in relating this incident, "that the way to break down an unreasonable custom, is to contradict it in practice." . Not only the enemies of slavery but other friends of liberty were indignant. | His head seems to have been much less clear than when he wrote the descriptions of Douglass already quoted, and corrected the saying of Garrison, that slavery was a sin because the slave was the image of God. His success will be related in the next chapter. The privilege of hiring out was taken away, in punishment; and his indignation led him to spend the next week in idleness. But these statements were pronounced entirely untrue by Mr. Cunard, who also said that he had never heard of Burrop, and would take care that nothing of the sort should happen again. to speak at a meeting for promoting enlistments at Pittsburgh: "I must for the present leave to others the work of persuading colored men to join the Union army. The brother of the Connecticut lady just mentioned was then serving out a sentence of eight months in the Washington jail for having used anti-slavery newspapers as wrappers for botanical specimens; and a divinity student, who had committed a similar offence at Nashville, Tennessee, was whipped with twenty lashes on his bare back. Illustrious strangers, like James Russell Lowell and Frederika Bremer, traveling through Rochester, always called on Douglass, but Rochester people didn't. "It is said that slavery is the creature of positive law, and that it can only exist where it is sustained by positive law--that neither in Kansas nor Nebraska is there any law establishing slavery and that, therefore, the moment a slave-holder carries his slave into those territories, he is free and restored to the rights of human nature. I have visited your Colosseum, your Museum, your gallery of paintings; I even had the pleasure of going into your House of Commons, and, still more, into the House of Lords, and hearing what I never heard before, and what I had long wished to hear, the eloquence of Lord Brougham. "I have not thought lightly of the words I am now addressing you. . ", It was, I think, at another place in Indiana, that Bradburn received warning, just as he was about to begin a meeting in company with Douglass, that the latter was going to be taken out of the hall to be tarred and feathered. The passage quoted from his journal, in the memoir by John Weiss, shows that he did the duty so faithfully that the birds of prey fled from Boston the next afternoon. I dissent entirely from this reasoning. Glowing reports of the New Dispensation were sent out from. It was a grand meeting, nevertheless, and the house crowded with a noble auditory to the end. There was ample room to suspect a motive for this opposition less creditable and generous than any wholesome concern for either the interest or the feelings of Hayti. Why, what is the matter with us? The North was united at last against the slave-holders; and the end of slavery was near. His salary was to be four hundred and fifty dollars a year. I hold it to be no part of gratitude to allow our white friends to do all the work, while we merely hold their coats. We should not, however, be intimidated by that, if we could get the people out. All the audience were shouting or weeping for joy. Major Stearns went from his, work in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania to raise ten regiments in Tennesee; but he resigned his commission, because, as he stated in March, 1864, "The Government has not kept its faith with the colored man anywhere." You have seen that he works for the landlord, rather than for himself. The opposition revived a month or two later, when the marshal ventured, while complying with an invitation to be present at the opening of the international exhibition, which followed the Centennial one in Philadelphia, to deliver the lecture on Washington in Douglass Hall, Baltimore. He defended this proposition on May 10, in reply to the assertion of another fugitive from slavery, that the Union was of no value to colored people. The best remedy would have been to make Logan or Conkling President; but, as neither was living, and there was no probability of the nomination of Judge Harlan, the only member of the Supreme Court who thought the Civil Rights Bill constitutional, the preference of Douglass in April, 1888, was for Senator Sherman. New Bedford was the richest community in the United States in proportion to its population, which trebled between 1820 and 1840. We cannot afford to draw the color-line in politics, trade, education, manners, religion, fashion, or civilization. "I have no hesitation in saying that if you, Great Britain, had, at the outset of this terrible war, sternly frowned upon the conspirators, and given your earnest and unanimous sympathy and moral support to the loyal cause, to-day might have seen America enjoying security and peace, and you would not have been the sufferer that, in all your commercial and manufacturing interests, you now are. S. J. Let me give you a word of the philosophy of reform. Why should such friends invent new arguments to increase the hopelessness of his bondage? He was still unable to rise, and was left bleeding by the fence. Reply to President Johnson, 1866, also in "Life and Times," 1882. "Frederick Douglass's Paper," Rochester, 1850-60. The effect was beyond description. To desert the family-hearth may place the recreant husband out of the presence of his starving children, but this does not free him from responsibility. They are men who thoroughly understand the principle that he who is not for them is against them; but unfortunately they do not seem to understand that he who is not against them is on their side.". This they did by electing General Florvil Hyppolite President for a term of seven years. 323-327). The prisoner on the "Cambria" had consoled himself, by visions of what he was about to do for his race, when he could use his pen as well as his voice, and reach constantly all who sympathized with him, instead of only scattered portions intermittently. not in reading Greek, but in working at trades and on the soil. "That we are outside of the World's Fair is only consistent with the fact that we are excluded from every respectable calling, from workshops, manufactories, and the means of learning trades. . am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellowmen, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell them at auction, to sunder their families, to knock out their teeth, to burn their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to their masters? Soon after revisiting Nantucket, he followed Collins and Abby Kelley into the region where he was afterward to spend twenty of his most useful years. Her valued sister-Jane's was the new grave we were visiting. No priest took part in the ceremonies. Now you are reminded of one rushing down some fearful steep, bidding you follow; now of some delightful stream, still beckoning you onward. One of these meetings was held at Townsend, where Douglass, as he says in a letter written for the "Liberator," on March 6, noticed in the old church, then belonging to the town, as they came together, a hole in the wall about twelve feet long, beside the pulpit. This is the last objection which should come from those who profess the all conquering power of Christian religion. Every door seemed closed against the stranger. He has not lost sight of either the merits or the defects of Garrison. "It was to be regretted that the negro had been so unceremoniously removed from Southern politics; but such a result was inevitable. Another slave now came up, and was commanded to take hold of the rebel. Southern slavery--'hold thine own'--when the kindred of your victims are thus kindling Northern enthusiasm on the platform of liberty and free debate.". Murders of slaves were frequent on the Eastern Shore, but there was no punishment and little blame. During the interim between my arrival in Hayti and my presentation to President Hyppolite, Mr. Thompson, my predecessor, who had long before sent in his letter of resignation (which had been accepted by our Government), and who, as I had supposed, had previously to my arrival departed from Hayti, as he had requested permission to do, still remained, and for a time, in view of the fact that I had not presented my letter of credence, nor been formally received by the Government, allowed himself to be considered as the then present representative of the United States Government, notwithstanding my presence in the Haytian capital and my assumption there of the duties and control of the United States Legation. . In the afternoon we again occupied the most of the time. He promised to do so, and I hope was faithful to his promise. In the list of two hundred and fifty names in the affirmative, that of Douglass stands tenth; and there were but twenty-four in the negative. The train for. The Leader in Politics . there lay Sam's hoe in one place, and Sam in another, fast asleep! "The world is all before him, where to choose;""and poor as may be my opinion of the British Parliament, I cannot believe that it will ever sink to such a depth of infamy as, to pass a law for the re-capture of fugitive Irishmen!
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