10.1677/ERC-07-0229. However, small study sizes have impeded research. It was observed that patients whom had their SM irradiated, prior to VEGF therapy, maintained stable bone disease, whereas those who did not have irradiation experienced rapid progression, despite a good response of their lung metastasis to VEGF therapy. N, E. Vol. Hosono N, Ueda T, Tamura D, Aoki Y, Yoshikawa H: Prognostic relevance of clinical symptoms in patients with spinal metastases. Roodman GD: Mechanisms of disease: Mechanisms of bone metastasis. In particular, bone metastasis pathogenesis appears to reflect cooperatively between cancer and the bone … [44] (n = 11). The authors showed a significant difference in the risk of local recurrence with debulking surgery (risk of recurrence 57%, c.f. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-3284-4-39, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-3284-4-39. Real-life management and outcome of thyroid carcinoma-related bone metastases: results from a nationwide multicenter experience. Because bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast activity, some investigators have proposed using these agents to slow or prevent the skeletal complications of bone metastases. Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells spread from their original site to a bone. The agents used are doxorubicin and cisplatinum [11, 17, 19]. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Bisphosphonates have shown some clinical usefulness in metastatic bone disease in terms of symptom control. Bone metastases represent a frequent complication especially of follicular thyroid cancer and severely reduce the quality of life causing pain, fractures, and spinal cord compression. In 90% of cases, thyroid carcinoma presents simply as thyroid nodules. But the type of cancer is based on the type of cells it started from. They suggested, therefore, that if patients have been treated with 600 mCi, as a cumulative dose, deciding to re-treat should be made on an individual basis. We excluded from our initial pool of recruited studies those that were review papers and those articles dated pre 1990 to ensure a body of contemporary literature. Selective Embolisation therapy (SET) therapy was investigated in 3 studies, by Van Tol et al. 10.1023/A:1010074930254. 10.1089/thy.2008.0066. The diagnostic modalities used in spinal metastasis are different to those used in the determination of thyroid cancer. Google Scholar. To supplement our research, we reviewed the references of the literature initially found, in order to avoid neglecting relevant articles that were missed by our search criteria. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). Skeletal-related events due to bone metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. Cabanillas ME, et al: Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: the M. D. Anderson experience. Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM: Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid-cancer. Bone metastasis rate in differentiated thyroid carcinomas has been reported between 2% and 13%. Hürthle-cell cancers (2%) and insular carcinomas also arise from follicular cells but are probably within the spectrum from differentiated to undifferentiated. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Radioactive iodine (RAI): this plays a valuable role in diagnosing and treating thyroid problems since it is taken up only by the thyroid gland. Undifferentiated carcinomas, which are anaplastic malignancies, account for <5% of thyroid cancers. Dissection of this journey opens the possibility of intervening to improve patient survival and reduced morbidity. Kilfoy BA, et al: International patterns and trends in thyroid cancer incidence, 1973–2002. The survival rate in thyroid carcinoma is generally good, apart for the anaplastic type. Papillary malignancy typically occurs in young females and sometimes in children, whilst Follicular malignancy predominantly affects middle-aged females. Direct infiltration from paraspinous disease or, less commonly, through the cerebrospinal fluid [25, 32] are also potential routes of metastasis. While study sizes are difficult to control, we believe that there is room for improvement in study design and in the quantity of research on specific treatment modalities. Imaging modalities, including whole body bone MRI, CT, bone scan, 131 I whole-body scan (WBS) and FDG-PET, should be performed in patients with suspected bone metastases of DTC. Bladder. reported 5-year survival with surgery of 60% compared to 37% (P value = 0.05) with no surgery [38]. Ramadan, S., Ugas, M.A., Berwick, R.J. et al. Other studies have intimated that as much as 5% of the oncological patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy for ~4.4 years develop bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) [52]. 2001, 84: 1586-1590. To sum up, for a young patient aggressive surgery is the best first line management. Spreading via the posterior aspect of the vertebral body [33], deficiencies in motor functions comprise the second most common presenting symptom (35–75%26) in patients with vertebral column metastasis [32, 33]. 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.2717. 2010, 13: 94-108. Indeed, many forms of metastases were pooled for the statistics. Schlumberger M, et al: Radioactive iodine treatment and external radiotherapy for lung and bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma. We cross-examined the references to add to this body. Bone metastases in thyroid cancer are, however, independently associated with poor/worse prognosis with a median overall survival from detection of only 4 … Bony metastasis occurs in approximately 2–13% of people with thyroid malignancy; the proportion is overwhelmingly follicular, and many of those develop in the spine [3, 13, 14]. Tokuhashi Y, Ajiro Y, Oshima M: Algorithms and Planning in Metastatic Spine Tumors. 10.1677/erc.1.01210. Patients below the age of 45 years of age with small DTC distant metastasis should be treated with radioiodine until there is an uptake decline or a cumulative dose of 600 mCi (22 GBq) reached [30]. 10.1056/NEJMra030831. Furthermore, VEGFR is particularly helpful in 131I non-avid disease. There are also other rare types of thyroid malignancies including lymphomas and sarcomas. There is a large expansile destructive osteolytic lesion seen in the distal right clavicle with a soft tissue mass measuring about 8 x 6 cm. Whole body MRI provides detailed images of both bone and bone … ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. in the embolisation group, (88.7% c.f. Posterior displacement of the spinal cord and impingement against the lamina may result in sensory dysfunction [32, 33]. 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.09.039. Tickoo SK, et al: Bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma: a histopathologic study with clinical correlates. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2010, 46: 2696-2707. Nearly all types of cancer can spread (metastasize) to the bones. Article The vertebral body (85%) [54] is the commonest site for initial involvement; the posterior aspect of which is preferentially involved (66%) [25]. Surgery. BM was the initial presentation of thyroid cancer in 36.0% of the patients. Of course, this is only a proxy for disease. FOIA 10.1097/CCO.0b013e3281214400. Classical clinical symptoms develop with the progression of spinal metastatic disease and are consequences of metastatic infiltration and/or compression of paravertebral, osseous and neural tissue [33]. There is evidence, albeit sparse, of its efficacy in cervical instability [16, 36]. Cancer that starts in the bone is called primary bone cancer. All authors contributed to conception and design, carried out the literature research, manuscript preparation and manuscript review. De Vries et al. 2004, 15: 365-+-. N Engl J Med. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. The effect of small molecule inhibitors has revolutionised the treatment of some cancers, and the search of molecular targets in neoplasm continues. Bernier MO, et al: Survival and therapeutic modalities in patients with bone metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Bone metastases are present in more than a quarter of patients with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), most often with an osteolytic morphology, which is associated with increased risk for complications and decreased survival, according to study results published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 10.1097/00000658-194007000-00016. Orthop Clin N Am. Growth signaling pathways are implicated in tumorigenesis, especially those of angiogenesis. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard imaging modality in SM diagnosis. By using this website, you agree to our eCollection 2020 Apr. recommend that young patients who have 131I avid metastasis, of a papillary or follicular, well differentiated nature, should receive 131I. Lancet Oncol. Bone Metastases: When Cancer Spreads to the Bones. Pain, in metastatic cancer, is managed by a multidisciplinary team; treatments include analgesia, bisphosphonates, radiotherapy and chemotherapy [50]. 2000, 124: 1440-1447. Bone metastases in thyroid cancer are, however, independently associated with poor/worse prognosis with a median overall survival from detection of only 4 years despite an otherwise excellent prognosis for the vast majority of thyroid cancer patients.
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