Classification based on the type of power supply: Three-phase transformer, single-phase transformer. Construction of transformer The transformer consists of soft iron core or the silicon steel core and two windings attached to it i.e. When the primary winding is connected to the AC supply, a current starts to flow through the primary winding. Working Principle Of Step Down Transformer. A Transformer can’t step-up or step-down the level of DC voltage or DC Current. These transformers make the ordinary low current instruments suitable for the measurement of high current and isolate them from high voltage. Core. The principle of transformer is the mutual induction between two coils. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF TRANSFORMERS PRESENTED BY: ARJUN PATEL B.TECH(ME) sem 1 ROLL NO:20 2. Construction of the Transformer A transformer consists of a ferromagnetic material, i.e., a rectangular soft iron core made of laminated sheets, well insulated from one another. So let’s go. Electrical Transformer - Basic construction, working and types. Breather consists of silica gel, which prevents any atmospheric moisture from entering the tank from the outside world. We wound the two coils primary coil and the secondary coil on the same core, as shown in the diagram below: Simplified construction of a three phase transformer is shown in the figure. The core is built up of soft iron or silicon steel laminations to provide a low reluctance path to the magnetic flux. The transformer operates on the principle of mutual induction. In a transformer, mutual induction between two windings is required for transmission. Each limb carries two windings which have equal number of turns. Your email address will not be published. Whenever a fault like a failure of insulation or damage to core takes place, it results in the production of excess heat. This induced emf opposes the applied voltage as per Lenz’s Law and so, this emf is sometimes called Back emf. Transformer Construction. The thickness of laminations varies from 0.35 mm for a frequency of 50 Hz to 0.5 mm for a frequency of 25 Hz.The core laminations (in the form of strips) are joined as shown in Figure.It is seen that the joints in the alternate layers are staggered in order to avoid the presence of narrow gaps right through the cross-section of the core.Such staggered joints are said to be ‘imbricated’. There are two types of core, which are commonly used. The cooling tubes are used to remove the heat from the transformer oil and tank. Transformers do this by stepping up the voltage at generating stations and transfers this high voltage to the load centers. Step Up Transformer – Working, Construction, Applications & Advantages. A Transformer operates when both circuits take effect by mutual induction. It ranges from small transformers used in communication system to giant transformers used in the High voltage transmission system. It has primary winding but no secondary winding. These two windings are connected … A Transformer works on the principle of electric i.e. Construction of the electric circuit of the transformer consists To prevent insulation lamination is done on the core to provide low reluctance path for the magnetic flux. It produces an alternating current (AC) in its secondary which is proportional to the AC current in its primary. When a load is connected to the secondary winding, a current starts to flow in the winding. According to Faraday’s law, once the magnetic flux … 4. where the two electric circuits are in the mutual inductive influence of each other. Current Transformer (CT) – Construction and Working Principle A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to measure AC current. Proper insulation is to be given to the windings to prevent it from short-circuiting. In a shell-type transformer, the windings are wound on the central leg of the three-legged transformer core. It consists of transformer core, primary and secondary windings. When the output voltage of a transformer is higher than the input voltage, it is called a step-up transformer. The conservator provides space for this expansion of the oil. A website for electrical engineering education on Machines,Circuits,Power Systems,Measurements,Control Systems,Power Electronics. The transformer has two windings: primary winding and secondary winding. These bubbles flow in the upward direction towards the conservator and get collected in the relay. 2. As said above, in order to avoid high reluctance at the joints where the laminations are butted against each other, the alternate layers are stacked differently to eliminate these joints as shown in Figures below. The construction and working principle of the transformer is very simple for the small-sized transformer. For huge power transformers, cloth or paper insulation is provided. Transformer is an electromagnetic device that transfers electric power from one circuit to another at a constant frequency. This transfer is achieved without the change in frequency. Construction of a transformer A transformer consists mainly of a core, windings and a tank, however, bushings, breathers, radiators, and conservators are also present in some transformers. The coils are insulated from each other and also insulated to prevent contact with the core. The Conservator is designed to act as a reservoir for the transformer oil. The heat is produced in the windings and core due to copper loss in the conductors, hysteresis and eddy current loss in the transformer core. All the moisture gets absorbed by the silica gel. A transformer consists of two sets of coils primary P and secondary S insulated from each other. Construction of Transformer. The winding connected to the high voltage circuit is called high voltage(HV) winding. The transmission current is AC. Various types of stampings like ‘E’ shaped, ‘I’ shaped, ‘L’ shaped and ‘U’ shaped stampings are used for the construction of the transformer. Introduction to Electrical TransformerWhat is a Transformer?In Very Simple words.Transformer is a device which:1. The transformer tank is connected through a pipe to a small tank called the conservator. These laminations reduce the eddy current loss. The insulating oil act as an insulation medium for core and windings. The transformer has two inductive coils that are electrically separated from each other but are magnetically linked through a path for the flow of magnetic flux. The two coils are wound separately on a laminated soft iron core. Now let’s try to understand the overall picture: So in general the primary coil of the transformer receives the voltage which is alternating in nature. It consists of transformer core, primary and secondary windings. Three-Phase Transformer - Construction & Working Principle. The main components of a transformer are shown in the figure below. They are core type transformer and shell-type transformer. … The transformer has an explosion vent to prevent any damage to the transformer tank caused by the excessive pressure generated inside the transformer. It is gas and oil actuated relay. The transformer is a common word for an electrical engineer and engineering student. Enter your email address to get all our updates about new articles to your inbox. Through this cooling tube, coolants in the form of oil or air are passed inside the transformer. The relay is placed between the transformer tank and conservator. The windings are made of solid or stranded copper. The two coils are insulated from each other and from the steel core. The steel used should have high silicon content and treated with heat to have better permeability and low hysteresis loss. The output voltage of a transformer can be increased or decreased, with a proportional change in the current ratings. Production of bubbles depends on the intensity of faults. Flyback Transformer: Construction and Working Principle. Along with that, it also explains their principle of operation and working. The laminations in the form of strips called stampings are joined together and pivoted to avoid any air gaps between the core. It is also used for absorbing the heat in the windings and core. The device will also need some suitable container for the assembled core and windings, a medium with which the core and its windings from its … If an explosion occurs in a transformer due to internal fault, then the blast of the explosion will be allowed to escape through the explosion vent, rather than causing the transformer’s tank to explode. Transformers are classified into various types depending on various parameters such as type of supply, their application, type of construction, cooling method, operational voltage, duty type, the shape of the core, etc. Thus the energy is transferred from primary to the secondary side by means of electromagnetic induction. It offers a path for the flow of the magnetic field to induce voltage between two windings. b. Current transformers are used in AC power circuits to feed the current coils of indicting and metering instruments (ammeters, watt-meters, energy-meters) and protective relays. Cooling tubes are welded with the tank for cooling purposes. Construction of the Transformer Basically, a transformer is made up of two parts which include; two inductive coils and a laminated steel core. Transfer Electrical power from one electrical circuit to another Electrical circuit. The transformer core is mainly used for two purposes: Provide mechanical support for the entire transformer and provides a path for the flow of magnetic flux. The transformer core and winding arrangement are immersed in a tank containing insulating oil. Potential Transformer - Construction, Working, Types & Errors. The transformer has a core and two mutually inductive coils in its construction and the working principle of this device is Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Construction: In the simple construction of transformers, there are two coils of high mutual inductance wound over the same transformer core. The flyback transformer is a special type of transformer, which can produce high voltage, high-frequency electric signals, that are generally saw-tooth signals. For a high range of power transformer, the core and windings are placed in a transformer tank with additional accessories. Auto Transformer Construction: This ingenious thought led to the invention of an autotransformer.The figure shows the physical arrangement of an auto transformer.The total number of turns between A and C are T1.At point B a connection is … Since this flux is alternating in nature and it is also linked with the secondary winding, so a mutually induced emf is induced in the secondary winding. Step Up Transformer as the name indicates, is an equipment that steps-up or controls the output voltage which is much greater than its input voltage while keeping the electricity flow stable without any fluctuation. The electrical energy is always transferred without a change in frequency, but may involve changes in magnitudes of voltage and current. The working of transformer is based on the simple principle of mutual induction between the primary and secondary windings which is otherwise known as coils, which helps for to transform the energy from one circuit to another. Transformers vary in different sizes and ranges. Normally generation of power is usually at 3-phase from 11kV to 33kV. Construction of Transformer The construction and working principle of the transformer is very simple for the small-sized transformer. For high power applications, transformer core is made with high permeability material which provides the low reluctance path for the magnetic flux. An increase in temperature causes the oil in the transformer to expand. This heat will decompose the oil and produce bubbles. Another recent development is spiral-core or wound-core type, the trade name being. Transformer construction,types and working 1. The tank gives protection to the core and windings. Varnish coating is used as insulation for small range transformers. During the change in temperature inside the tank, the oil expands and contracts. It is commonly used to increase or decrease the supply voltage without a change in the frequency of AC between circuits. Transformer can increase or decrease the voltage with corresponding decrease or increase in current. The transformer is a static device in its construction and the principle behind the working of transformer is Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction. A transformer is a device used in the power transmission of electric energy. Earthing Transformer : Construction & Working It is a special transformer which provides return path for earth fault on Delta connected transformer. The thickness of the laminations varies from 0.35 mm to 0.5 mm. The most important parts used in the three phase transformer construction are windings and core. This will enable the operating person to disconnect the supply to the transformer. The bubble thus produced will activate the relay and give an alarm signal, indicating that there was a fault inside the tank. Core: A transformer core is made of soft iron or silicon steel which provides a low reluctance path (magnetic field lines can easily pass through them). Some other parts such as a tank, conservator, bushing, breather etc. All Rights Reserved by Electrical Engineering Info. For a high range of power transformer, the core and windings are placed in a transformer tank with additional accessories. Construction of Single Phase Transformer A simple single-phase transformer has each winding being wound cylindrically on a soft iron limb separately to provide a necessary magnetic circuit, which is commonly referred to as “transformer core”. A Transformer only step-up or step-down the level of AC voltage or AC Current. Read More: Step up Transformer | Construction | Working & Its Applications. Shell type transformers and Core type transformers, Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction, Transfer Function of Armature Controlled DC Motor, Static & Dynamic Characteristics of Electrical Measuring Instruments, Three Phase Induction Motor Construction & Working Principle. The cooling method may be natural or forced cooling, which depends on the size of the transformer. Transmission of generated power to the load centers is accomplished at higher voltages of 132kV to 400kV ( or 700kV ). It is a core type transformer consists of three limbs. About us Privacy Policy Disclaimer Write for us Contact us, Electrical MachinesDigital Logic CircuitsElectric Circuits Embedded System, Copyright © 2021 All Rights reserved - Electrically4u, Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, Characteristics of self-excited DC Generator, Characteristics of separately excited DC Generator, Superposition Theorem with solved problems. Since this winding is linked to the magnetic core, the current through the primary winding produces an alternating flux Φ in the core. For the simple construction of a transformer, you must need two coils having mutual inductance and a laminated steel core. Generally, transformers are used to transfer generated voltage at the generating stations to the various loads. In core-type transformer, the windings are wound around the two legs of the core. The main parts of a transformer are core, windings, container or tank, bushings and conservator and radiators. This video gives a detailed animated illustration on the working of electrical Transformers. The transformer transfers the electrical power from one circuit to the other circuit without the change in frequency. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); from the first coil to the second coil.The first coil, in which electric energy is fed from the a.c. supply mains is called primary winding and the other from which energy is drawn out, is called secondary winding.In brief, a, 1. transfers electric power from one circuit to another, 2. it does so without a change of frequency, 3. it accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction and. Coil P is called the input coil and coil S is called the output coil. Working: a. This heat has to be dissipated to operate the transformer efficiently. The transfer happens based on the mutual induction between the two circuits that are linked by a magnetic flux. So, atmospheric air gets absorbed inside the transformer tank. CONTENT What is transformer Structure and working principle Construction of transformer Losses in transformer Ideal v/s practical transformer Uses and application of transformer 3. Three Phase Transformer Construction. Electrical transformer is a static electrical machine which transforms electrical power from one circuit to another circuit, without changing the frequency. The current transformer basically consists of an iron core on which a primary and one or two secondary windings are wound. Construction. The primary winding is connected to the power supply and the secondary winding is connected to the load. The Construction, Principle of Operation of Single Phase Transformer A TRANSFORMER is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction (transformer action). The flux Φ produced in the iron core links not only with the secondary winding but also with the primary winding and produces a self-induced emf in the primary winding itself. That is, when an electric current passing through a coil changes with time, an emf is induced in the neighbouring coil. mutual induction. This process is similar to breathing in human beings and so-called as a breather. In this post, I will discuss what is a transformer, its working principle, transformer construction, types of the transformer and transformer testing. The step down transformer operates according to Faraday’s principle of electromagnetic induction. For example, when the temperature goes down, it will make the oil to contract. primary winding and the secondary winding such that core and the windings are insulated from one another. Transformer Construction. are also used along with the core and windings. It's working without changing the frequency. The construction of the transformer will thus be examined under the coil and core construction. Here we will discuss transformer, working principle of transformer and construction of transformer.Before knowing about transformer we need to know what is Mutual induction principle.It can be defined that when two coils are coupled (placed close to each other), due to change in current of one coil, an emf is induced in another coil.So this is the basic working principle of transformers.So this principle is used in the power transformer … Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Buchholz Relay is a device used to protect the transformer from faults occurring inside the tank. Breather is a part of a large-sized transformer. As, voltage transformation take place at a constant power, there is a change in circuit current. The winding connected to the low voltage circuit is called low voltage(LV) winding. The main function of the oil conservator is to keep the transformer tank completely filled with oil at all conditions. The transformer works on basic principles of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction. The windings are wound over the core depending on the type of core used. The flyback is also known as a line output transformer (LOPT). The laminations are insulated from each other by a coat of varnish or by an oxide layer. When the output voltage is lower than the input side, it is called a step-down transformer. It step-up or step-down the voltage level from one circuit to another at almost constant power. I am going to post a series of articles about the transformer with video. The video lecture explains you about the transformer in detail. Construction: a. by Abragam Siyon Sing | Last updated Jul 27, 2020 | Transformer.
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