We are legally bound to the precautionary principle under international treaties and obligations, as well as by Supreme Court judgments. "@type": "Organization", In simple terms, the meaning of EIA is that it is a process through which an environmental impact of a proposed development is evaluated. The 2006 notification required that the project proponent submit a report every six months, showing that they are carrying out their activities as per the terms on which permission has been given. But it was only after the Bhopal gas leak disaster in 1984 that the country legislated an umbrella Act for environmental protection in 1986. In this line, any project that involves environmental factors needs an unbiased assessment made on a precautionary basis. Baseline data is the environmental status of the study area. }, Now before moving further, it is essential to note that before the introduction of Draft EIA Notification, the status of Environment Impact Assessment was not much appreciable. Your email address will not be published. With the EIA, we also need Social impact assessment to achieve sustainable development in true sense. Once the EIA Notification 2020 will be published in the Official Gazette, it will replace EIA notification 2006. More emphasis on footloose industries and sunrise industries. The danger is that if adequate time is not given for the preparation of views, comments and suggestions to those who would be affected by the project, then such public hearings would not be meaningful. A list of projects has been included under. New Commission for air quality management. If mere economic development is given the priority, a huge population remains vulnerable to climate-induced challenges. This Draft Notification necessitates the need to re-visit the principle of sustainable development. How does the draft notification compare with global norms? EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of a project and ensures that these effects are taken in account in project design. Then there are periodic amendments exempting one category of industries or the other from scrutiny. Alignment of environment conservation and economic development through initiatives like. Business opportunities are necessary for economic development and upliftment of the masses. India needs a strong mechanism to balance economic growth with environmental protection for long-lasting, inclusive and sustainable development. India made trading across borders easier by enabling post-clearance audits, integrating trade stakeholders in a single electronic platform, upgrading port infrastructures, and enhancing the electronic submission of documents. }, Your email address will not be published. How does the draft EIA Notification differ from the one now in force? The project’s potential impacts, the zone of impacts, mitigation possibilities and need for monitoring. By the mid-1990s, some 110 countries applied EIA as a major environmental policy. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. On completion of the EIA report, public and environmental groups living close to the project site may be informed and consulted. Soon after coming to power, the government weakened the process of granting. India's need for infrastructure in different geographical areas is fair, but leaving out local communities in the process of their development is strongly not advised. This is where Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) comes into play. EIA was struggling with several challenges, including. The EIA report should include the actions and steps for preventing, minimizing or bypassing the impacts or else the level of compensation for probable environmental damage or loss. }, "@context": "https://schema.org", This would be contrary to both the precautionary principle as well as the need for sustainable development.”. There is apprehension that the exemption from EIA and public consultation for listed B2 category activity and expansion and modernisation projects will seriously affect the environment since these will be carried out without oversight. The various phases of the implementation of the project are monitored. The projects in this list are, under existing norms, identified on the basis of screening by Expert Appraisal Committees, rather than being exempted through listing in the Schedule. The revised regulations have sure helped India in climbing EOBD ranking but have severe consequences for the environment and locals for the long term. We haven't developed advanced technology for waste management, renewable energy production etc. Environment Impact Assessment in India is statutorily backed by the. This will make it difficult to study the draft EIA report, more so when it is not widely available or provided in the regional language. India is committed to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, but the government's push for economic development on the cost of the environment will have consequences. Which impacts are necessary to be assessed is decided in this stage. The State Pollution Board, Assam, had reported that the oil plant had been operating for over 15 years without obtaining prior consent from the board. There are a large number of communities like Adivasis, peasants and coastal and fisher communities whose lives mainly depend on the state of the environment. Give us a call or fill in the form below and we will contact you. For every project, possible alternatives should be identified, and environmental attributes compared. Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has proposed a draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification 2020, that seeks to replace the current notification which goes back to 2006. Under the previous rules, mining of coastal atomic minerals was only allowed when they were not available in non-coastal areas. The project plan is screened for the scale of investment, location and type of development and if the project needs statutory clearance. sustainable development can be achieved only through the involvement of all stakeholders, government accountability and environmental protection are connected, and. This caused severe damage to the livelihoods in the region rich with biodiversity. It is with this idea that the Environmental Impact Assessment is carried out. The main aim of EIA is to conserve the environment and bring out the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits. Better EIA would ensure better risk reduction and mitigation of climate-induced disaster and diseases without risking livelihoods of the masses. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Whether the project is to be given approval or not and if it is to be given, under what conditions, Monitoring, compliance, enforcement and environmental auditing, Monitoring whether the predicted impacts and the mitigation efforts happen as per the EMP, Environment Questions for UPSC Mains GS 3. Public reporting of violations may not be taken into cognisance, instead, rely on suo moto revelations by the violator. The basis in global environmental law for the EIA is the “precautionary principle”. It said: “Environment law cannot countenance the notion of an ex post facto clearance. "@type": "Organization", It is government-policy that any industrial project in India has to secure EIA clearance from the Environment Ministry before approval for the project itself. Lack of administrative capacity to ensure compliance often renders long lists of clearance conditions meaningless. The ministry, instead of reducing the time for public consultation, should focus on ensuring access to information as well as awareness about the public hearing and its impact upon the whole EIA process. India does not have the strongest foundations for fostering environmental democracy. The projects are assessed based on their potential impact on the environment. The Bhopal gas tragedy led to the enactment of Environment (Protection) Act 1986. However, the EIA process is cyclical with the interaction between the various steps. Notably, some issues under the EIA Draft Notification contradict the environmental laws and core legal principles. Any drastic changes in EIA will have a direct impact on the living and working conditions of these people and the ecology. This is used to predict the environmental impacts of a project in the pre-planning stage itself so that decisions can be taken to reduce the adverse impacts. In order to improve ease of doing business, the government should bring down the average delay of 238 days in granting environmental clearance, that emanates from bureaucratic delays and complex laws. Environment Impact Assessment or EIA can be defined as the study to predict the effect of a proposed developmental/infrastructure project on the environment. Post facto approval is the derogation of the fundamental principles of environmental jurisprudence and violation of the. "logo": { "url": "https://civils360.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/loGO-1.png" In recent years, there have various legislations focusing on infrastructural development and neglecting impacts of projects in an environmental and social context. Required fields are marked *, Which projects need a full or partial assessment study is decided in this stage. Accredited Environment Impact Assessment Consultant Organization (ACO). "dateModified": "2020-08-03" Promoting environmentally sound and suitable development by identifying appropriate alternatives and mitigation measures. India (Delhi) streamlined the process, reduced the time and cost of obtaining construction permits, and improved building quality control by strengthening professional certification requirements. India (Mumbai) streamlined the process of obtaining a building permit and made it faster and less expensive to get a construction permit. In the wake of the worsening climate crisis, it is crucial to consider the environmental impacts of development projects. India made resolving insolvency easier by promoting reorganization proceedings in practice. August, 2020 Team Samajho UPSC. It is covered under General Studies III and can be classified under the environment and economy also. India is has a huge population and related challenges are poverty, hunger, low living standards, unemployment and disparities between class and gender. Every development project has been required to go through the EIA process for obtaining prior environmental clearance ever since. It started in 1976-77 when the Planning Commission asked the Department of Science and Technology to examine the river-valley projects from an environmental angle. Thus, it is crucial to see that, if adopted, how far it can successfully undergo judicial scrutiny. Due to the above-mentioned reforms, India has seen a historic jump in ease of doing business, but reduced regulations to facilitate business will hurt the environment. Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, India notified its first EIA norms in 1994. the Environment Ministry told the National Green Tribunal that the unit lacked environment clearance, exposing the low effectiveness of rules. As a decision-making tool, EIA compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits. Recently, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) released 2020 draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) notification which has widely been criticised and environmental campaigner received notice under UAPA.
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